THE SCIENCE BEHIND GAMETIME™ 

OUR 4 PILLARS

ENERGY FOCUS HYDRATION CIRCULATION

PILLAR 1

ENERGY

BETA-ALANINE

What it is: Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that raises muscle carnosine levels.

Performance Benefits: Buffers lactic acid build up, delaying muscle fatigue and enhancing high-intensity exercise performance.

(Sale et al., 2010)(Saunders et al., 2017)

BETAINE

What it is: A compound derived from choline that plays a role in methylation and osmoregulation.

Performance Benefits: Enhances power output, improves strength, and boosts endurance by supporting hydration and reducing fatigue.

(Treoanowski et al.,2011)

L-CARNITINE TARTRATE

What it is: L-carnitine is involved in fatty acid transport into mitochondria for energy production.

Performance Benefits: Reduces muscle damage, improves recovery, and increases fat oxidation, which is beneficial for endurance athletes.

(Wall et al., 2011)

CAFFEINE ANHYDROUS

What it is: A dehydrated form of caffeine that enhances alertness and focus.

Performance Benefits: Increases energy, enhances endurance, reduces perceived exertion, and improves mental focus.

(Graham., 2001)

DI-CAFFEINE MALATE

What it is: A combination of caffeine and malic acid designed for sustained energy release.

Performance Benefits: Provides sustained energy and reduces the "crash" associated with caffeine.

(Graham., 2001)

VITAMIN B COMPLEX

What it is: A group of vitamins involved in energy metabolism.

Performance Benefits: Supports energy production, reduces fatigue, and improves cognitive function.

(Woolley., 1947)

PILLAR 2

FOCUS

L-TYROSINE

What it is: An amino acid precursor to neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine.

Performance Benefits: Enhances focus, mental clarity, and mood, particularly under stress or fatigue.

(Jongkees et al., 2015)

ALPHA GPC

What it is: A cholinergic compound that enhances acetylcholine production, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction.

Performance Benefits: May enhance power output and improve focus.

(Ziegenfuss et al.,2008)

THEOBROMINE

What it is: A stimulant found in cacao that has a milder effect than caffeine.

Performance Benefits: Enhances mood, increases focus, and supports cardiovascular health with less jitteriness than caffeine.

(Nehlig., 2013)

PILLAR 3

HYDRATION

PINK HIMALAYAN SALT (SODIUM)

What it is: A mineral comprising of sodium and other trace minerals.

Performance Benefits: Sodium helps maintain electrolyte balance, prevents cramping, and supports proper hydration, crucial during prolonged exercise.

(Shirreffs et al., 1996)

POTASSIUM

What it is: An essential electrolyte.

Performance Benefits: Maintains fluid balance, supports muscle function, and reduces cramping during exercise.

(Noakes et al., 2005)

MAGNESIUM

What it is: A mineral that plays a role in muscle contraction, nerve function, and energy production.

Performance Benefits: Prevents cramps, supports energy metabolism, and reduces fatigue.

(Bohl et al., 2007)

PILLAR 4

CIRCULATION

L-CITRULLINE

What it is: L-Citrulline is an amino acid that converts to L-arginine in the body, boosting nitric oxide (NO) levels.

Performance Benefits: Increases blood flow, improves oxygen delivery to muscles, reduces muscle soreness, and enhances endurance.

(Hickner., et al 2006)&(Bailey., et al 2015).

AGMATINE

What it is: A metabolite of the amino acid arginine that can modulate nitric oxide production and neurotransmitter activity.

Performance Benefits: Improves blood flow, enhances focus, and has potential anti-fatigue effects.

(Piletz et al., 2013)

BLACKCURRANT POWDER

What it is: A powdered fruit rich in anthocyanins and antioxidants.

Performance Benefits: Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially improving recovery and endurance performance.

(Cook et al.,2015)

L-TAURINE

What it is: An amino acid with antioxidant properties and roles in calcium regulation and osmoregulation.

Performance Benefits: Reduces oxidative stress, enhances endurance, and supports cardiovascular function.

(Waldron et al., 2018)

SAFE FOR ATHLETES

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SCIENCE

  1. Bailey, S. J., et al. (2015). "Effects of citrulline malate supplementation on nitric oxide metabolism and exercise performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 119(4): 385-395.
  2. Bohl, C. H., et al. (2007). "The relationship between magnesium and physical performance." Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 6(2): 170-176.
  3. Cook, M. D., et al. (2015). "Blackcurrant extract improves cycling performance and fat oxidation in cyclists." European Journal of Applied Physiology 115(11): 2357-2365.
  4. Graham, T. E. (2001). "Caffeine and exercise: metabolism, endurance, and performance." Sports Medicine 31(11): 785-807.
  5. Hickner, R. C., et al. (2006). "L-citrulline reduces muscle soreness after exercise." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20(4): 834-838.
  6. Jongkees, B. J., et al. (2015). "The effects of tyrosine on cognitive performance, mood, and physiological responses under stress: a review." Journal of Psychopharmacology 29(7): 753-765.
  7. Nehlig, A. (2013). "The neuroprotective effects of cocoa flavanol and its influence on cognitive performance." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 75(3): 716-727.
  8. Noakes, T. D., et al. (2005). "The importance of potassium in exercise and muscle function." Journal of Applied Physiology 99(2): 413-424.
  9. Piletz, J. E., et al. (2013). "Agmatine: clinical applications after 100 years in translation." Drug Discovery Today 18(17-18): 880-893.
  10. Sale, C., et al. (2010). "Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine concentrations and exercise performance." Amino Acids 39(2): 321-333.
  11. Saunders, B., et al. (2017). "Skeletal muscle carnosine metabolism and beta-alanine supplementation: does ethnicity matter?" Sports Medicine 47(2): 215-225.
  12. Shirreffs, S. M., et al. (1996). "Rehydration after exercise in the heat: effects of drinking water, saline, or no fluid at all." Journal of Applied Physiology 81(6): 2133-2140.
  13. Trepanowski, J. F., et al. (2011). "Effects of betaine supplementation on power performance and fatigue." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 8(1): 16.
  14. Waldron, M., et al. (2018). "Effects of oral taurine administration on maximal and submaximal endurance exercise performance." Amino Acids 50(9): 1341-1351.
  15. Wall, B. T., et al. (2011). "Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans." The Journal of Physiology 589(Pt 4): 963-973.
  16. Woolley, D. W. (1947). "The biochemical functions of the vitamin B complex." Physiological Reviews 27(4): 515-537.
  17. Ziegenfuss, T. N., et al. (2008). "Effects of an alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine-containing supplement on strength and hormonal responses to resistance exercise." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 5(1): 11.

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